Hypomagnesemia and its implications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Review Article

Hypomagnesemia has been implicated in adversely affecting diabetic complications. Magnesium is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes particularly for those concerned with ATP and energy production. It is also required for normal DNA function, cell permeability regulation and neuromuscular excitability. Clinically, hypomagnesemia has been related to hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, impaired clotting, increased inflammatory burden, oxidative stress, carotid wall thickness and coronary heart disease. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus facilitates low serum magnesium levels and this in turn worsens glycemic control in diabetes, thus establishing a vicious circle that leads to a progressive impairment in metabolic control and more risk of diabetic complications. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is a cause or consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus remains yet to be ascertained, but it is a cardiovascular risk factor and favors diabetic complications. Periodic determination of magnesium levels and appropriate magnesium replacement can promote a better glycemic control,a healthy life style and delay the onset of diabetes related complications.